Visiting Cividale del Friuli in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
Today is a beautiful day, we decided, me and my wife to visit Cividale del Friuli, is in our neighborhood, we go into the car and leave our trusty camper.
HISTORY OF THE CITY '
It is the Roman Forum Julii, from which his name Friuli. Near the city were found prehistoric sites of the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods, and have abundant evidence of the Iron and culture Paleovenetian, which subsequently developed the Celtic starting from the fourth century BC.
Founded Aquileia, defeated the Gauls in 50 BC Meats, through the initiative of Julius Caesar, the Romans created a hall belonging to the tribe Scaptia and subsequently became a colony. The Roman walls are the basis of the Venetian walls still exist.
In the fifth century AD, after the destruction of Zuglio by the Avars and the Huns from Aquileia, Cividale increased number of citizens and strategic importance. Arrived the Lombards in the seventh century, was the first capital of the Lombard duchy of Italy with Gisulfo Duke, grandson of Alboino. At that time changed its name to Civitas, the city par excellence, who became Cividale. Became a bishopric in 737 and caput Venetiae, inheriting from Aquileia.
Destroyed by the Avars (610), remained an important center and resources with the name of Civitas Forumiuliana to become the center of military and political Venezie. In 737, during the reign of Liutprand, arrived Callistus, Patriarch of Aquileia to escape the raids Byzantine. Here he had fled the bishop of Zuglio, which was accordingly dismissed. The seat of the Patriarchate of Aquileia, and remained even after the expulsion of the Lombards. In 769 the council was held there again confirming the indissoluble marriage.
France was under the duchy and march. The Duke of Friuli Berengar I became king of Italy (888-924) and also in 915 emperor. From the ninth century was called Civitas Austriae, hence the current name. In 1077 the Patriarch received the imperial investiture.
From the twelfth century was a free city and center of an important market, and since then was the greatest political and commercial center around the Friuli, the Emperor Charles IV to obtain the opening of the University in 1353. In 1238 the patriarchs moved to Udine and therefore there were rivalries and struggles with this city. In 1419, during the war with Venice, to drive the Hungarian King Sigismund of the siege, Cividale surrendered to Venice. In the sixteenth century was fought between the Empire and Venice in July of 1509 it was besieged by the imperial troops of the Duke of Brunswick, but the Cividale, after an epic struggle, managed to break the siege, forcing him to flee the German army. After the war he remained under Venetian rule.
The peace of Worms (1530) lost the castle of Tolmin on the Isonzo and the mercury mines of Idria. In later centuries the Turks had to undergo several incursoni. During the Venetian period was a major center of learning. In 1797 the Treaty of Campoformio between Napoleon and Austria Cividale passed to the Hapsburg Empire, which, after the brief period when it was part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, was confirmed by the Congress of Vienna (1815). Between 1848 and 1866 there was the presence of a lively movement of the Risorgimento, in 1866, after the Third War of Independence, was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy with the Veneto and Friuli. During the First World War it was headquarters for a short period of command of the Second Army and was also damaged by aerial bombardment. It was occupied by the Austrians after the defeat of Kobarid.